Some of these organisms are harmless and can be handled easily by the body’s immune system, but others can cause severe illness, such as hepatitis or AIDS. Bloodborne diseases: HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C Bloodborne pathogens include the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the hepatitis C virus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and others. These pathogens are transmitted through contact with infected body fluids such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. Exposures occur (a) if the skin is punctured by a contaminated needle, razor, or other sharp item or (b) when broken skin or mucous membranes are splashed with blood or body fluid. Fortunately, most exposures do not result in infections. Standard Precautions are designed to prevent transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV. Standard Precautions must be observed in all situations where there is potential for contact with blood or other potentially infectious body fluids.